A Deadly Kiss! The Bug Behind a Growing Threat

Nicole Campos Villaran

The kissing bug is native to the Americas, but its origin is in Central and South America. Due to its rapid population growth, its presence is considered endemic and is found in more states than many have thought.

Many pet owners are alarmed for their pets’ health because these insects attach themselves and feed on blood; however, they do not cling to the skin like ticks. This can happen to humans too, not just pets.

A bite from this insect can transmit a parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chagas disease begins with an acute phase, which may include mild symptoms such as fever and fatigue, followed by a chronic phase that can develop years after the bite. The long-term effects can be life-threatening to the heart and digestive system.

After feeding, the insects often defecate, and their feces—containing the parasite—can enter a pet’s bite wound, leading to infection. The surprising part is that some species of the kissing bug can and will adapt to living near humans. So far, the kissing bug has been found in 32 states, with human infections reported in eight.

There are many ways to protect yourself, such as hiring professional pest control, sealing cracks, screens, and windows, using insecticide-treated bed nets, and applying bug repellent to exposed skin. Turning off outdoor lights can decrease the chances of the insect gathering near doors and windows. Using yellow or orange light instead of white, blue, or UV lights can also help reduce attraction.

To protect pets, keep their sleeping areas clean and have them sleep indoors. However, sticky traps or roach traps do not work on kissing bugs.

The CDC says Chagas disease is uncommon in the United States—but with the spread of the kissing bug, that can change.

There are two treatments for this disease: antiparasitic treatment, which kills the parasite that causes Chagas disease, and symptomatic treatment, which helps manage the symptoms and signs of infection.

I wonder if these treatments are affordable for everyone, no matter their background.